Fluorescence (Fl)

RBR standard instruments support a variety of fluorescence sensors, such as the RBRcoda chl-a (Fig. 17), as well as sensors from third-party manufacturers Seapoint (Fig. 18) and Turner (Fig. 19). Additionally, the RBRconcerto3 and RBRmaestro3 can integrate the RBRtridente three-channel sensor, capable of making multiple fluorescence and backscatter or turbidity measurements simultaneously.

635_concerto_chla.1.png
Fig. 16.    An RBRconcerto³ CTD.chl-a fitted with an RBRcoda chl-a

Overview

Fluorometers operate by transmitting a beam of light and then detecting the light emitted by the excited particles of organic matter suspended or dissolved in seawater. They can measure chlorophyll concentration, crude oil, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and a variety of synthetic dyes.

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (cDOM) is the subset of DOM which absorbs light. Only a fraction of cDOM fluoresces, hence the term fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM). Fluorometers always measure fDOM, even when they report cDOM or cDOM/fDOM.

RBRcoda chl-a

RBRcoda chl-a.2.png
Fig. 17.    The RBRcoda chl-a

Optical

Parameter Value

Linearity, R2

0.99

Initial accuracy

5%

Chlorophyll-a

Parameter Value

Wavelength

470nm/695nm (excitation/emission)

Calibrated range1

0-50µg/L

Measurement range

0-500µg/L

Detection limit1

0.020µg/L

1 Scaled for the in vivo fluorescence response.

Seapoint

Parameter Value

Output time constant

0.1s

Wavelength, excitation/emission

470nm / 685nm (chlorophyll a)
370nm / 440nm (cDOM)

Sensing volume

340mm3

Depth rating

6000m

fluo
Fig. 18.    A Seapoint fluorometer

Turner

Parameter Value

Wavelength, excitation/emission

440nm / 680nm (chlorophyll a)
370nm / 440nm (cDOM)

Minimum detection limit
Chlorophyll a (blue excitation)
Chlorophyll a (red excitation)
cDOM/fDOM
Crude oil
Rhodamine dye

 
0.03µg/L
0.3µg/L
0.1-0.5ppb
0.2ppb
0.01ppb

Depth rating

600m

screen shot 2021 11 26 at 1 25 57 pm
Fig. 19.    A Turner C3 fluorometer

Calibration equations

Fluorescein

\[\text{Fluorescein}_{(\mu g/L)}=C_0+C_1*V_r\]

Chlorophyll a

\[Chl_{(\mu g/L)}=(C_0+C_1*V_r)*C_2\]